Amashanyarazi ya biodegradable VS yongeye gukoreshwa

Amashanyarazi ya biodegradable VS yongeye gukoreshwa
Plastike ni kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi mu nganda zigezweho. Dukurikije imibare yaturutse ku Isi Yacu mu Mibare, kuva 1950 kugeza 2015, abantu bakoze toni miliyari 5.8 zose za plastiki y’imyanda, muri bo barenga 98% bakaba barajugunywe imyanda, baratereranywe cyangwa baratwikwa. Gusa bike Kuri 2% byongeye gukoreshwa.

Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu kinyamakuru Science, kubera uruhare rw’isoko ku isi nk’ibikorwa byo gukora ku isi hose, Ubushinwa buza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi mu mubare w’imyanda ya plastike, bingana na 28%. Iyi plastiki yimyanda ntabwo yangiza ibidukikije gusa kandi ibangamira ubuzima, ahubwo inatwara ubutaka bwagaciro. Kubwibyo, igihugu cyacu cyatangiye guha agaciro gakomeye kurwanya umwanda wera.

Mu myaka 150 nyuma yo kuvumburwa kwa pulasitike, mu nyanja ya pasifika havutse imyanda itatu nini nini ya pulasitike nini kubera ibikorwa by’imigezi yo mu nyanja.

1,2% gusa byumusaruro wimyaka 65 kwisi yose wongeye gukoreshwa, kandi igice kinini gisigaye gishyingurwa munsi y ibirenge byabantu, bagategereza ko imyaka 600 yangirika.

Nk’uko imibare ya IHS ibigaragaza, mu mwaka wa 2018 umurima wo gukoresha plastike ku isi wari mu rwego rwo gupakira, bingana na 40% by'isoko. Ihumana rya plastike ku isi naryo ahanini ryaturutse mu bipfunyika, bingana na 59%. Gupakira plastike ntabwo ari isoko nyamukuru y’umwanda wera gusa, ahubwo ifite n'ibiranga gutabwa (niba byongeye gukoreshwa, umubare wizunguruka ni mwinshi), bigoye kuyitunganya (imiyoboro yo gukoresha no gutererana iratatanye), ibisabwa bike kandi ibisabwa byinshi byanduye.

Ibinyabuzima byangiza ibinyabuzima na plastiki byongeye gukoreshwa ni inzira ebyiri zishobora gukemura ikibazo cy’umwanda wera.
Ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika

Ibinyabuzima byangiza ibinyabuzima bivuga plastiki ibicuruzwa bishobora kuba byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango bikoreshwe, ntibigomba guhinduka mugihe cyo kubika, kandi birashobora kwangirika mubintu bitangiza ibidukikije mugihe cyibidukikije nyuma yo kubikoresha.

0 1 Inzira yo gutesha agaciro plastiki yangirika

0 2Gushyira mubikorwa bya plastiki yangirika

Ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika birashobora gushyirwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gutesha agaciro cyangwa ibikoresho fatizo.

Ukurikije ibyiciro byuburyo bwo kwangirika, plastiki yangirika irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bine: plastiki ishobora kwangirika, plastiki ishobora gufotora, ifoto n’ibinyabuzima byangiza, hamwe na plastiki yangirika.

Kugeza ubu, tekinoroji ya plastiki ishobora gufotorwa hamwe nifoto- na biodegradable plastike ntabwo irakura, kandi ku isoko hari ibicuruzwa bike. Kubwibyo, plastike yangirika yavuzwe nyuma ni plastiki ibora yose hamwe na plastiki yangirika.

Ukurikije ibyiciro by’ibikoresho fatizo, plastiki yangirika irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bishingiye kuri bio-plastike yangirika na peteroli ishingiye kuri peteroli.
Ibinyabuzima byangiza ibinyabuzima ni plastiki ikomoka kuri biomass, ishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ingufu gakondo nka peteroli. Harimo cyane cyane PLA (aside polylactique), PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoate), PGA (aside polyglutamic), nibindi.

Ibicuruzwa bya peteroli bishingiye kuri peteroli ni plastiki ikorwa ningufu za fosile nkibikoresho fatizo, cyane cyane harimo PBS (polybutylene succinate), PBAT (polybutylene adipate / terephthalate), PCL (polycaprolactone) ester) nibindi.

0 3 Ibyiza bya plastiki yangirika

Amashanyarazi ya biodegradable afite ibyiza byayo mumikorere, mubikorwa, kwangirika, numutekano.

Kubijyanye nimikorere, plastiki yangirika irashobora kugera cyangwa kurenza imikorere ya plastiki gakondo mubice bimwe byihariye;

Kubireba ibikorwa bifatika, plastiki yangirika ifite imikorere isa nogukora isuku hamwe na plastiki gakondo;

Ku bijyanye no kwangirika, plastiki yangirika irashobora kwangirika vuba mu bidukikije (mikorobe yihariye, ubushyuhe, ubushuhe) nyuma yo kuyikoresha, hanyuma igahinduka ibice cyangwa imyuka idafite ubumara ikoreshwa byoroshye n’ibidukikije, bikagabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije;

Ku bijyanye n’umutekano, ibintu byakozwe cyangwa bisigaye mu gihe cyo kwangirika kwa plastiki yangirika ntacyo byangiza ku bidukikije kandi ntibizagira ingaruka ku mibereho y’abantu n’ibindi binyabuzima.

Inzitizi nini mu gusimbuza plastiki gakondo muri iki gihe ni uko igiciro cy’umusaruro wa plastiki zangirika kiri hejuru ugereranije n’ibya plastiki gakondo cyangwa plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa.

Kubwibyo, mubisabwa nko gupakira hamwe na firime yubuhinzi igihe gito, bigoye kuyitunganya no kuyitandukanya, ifite ibisabwa bike, kandi ifite ibyangombwa byinshi byanduye, plastiki yangirika ifite ibyiza byinshi nkubundi buryo.

plastiki
Amashanyarazi yongeye gukoreshwa yerekeza ku bikoresho fatizo bya pulasitiki byabonetse mu gutunganya imyanda ya plastike hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’umubiri cyangwa imiti nko kwitegura, gushonga, no guhindura.

Inyungu nini ya plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa ni uko bihendutse kuruta ibikoresho bishya hamwe na plastiki yangirika. Ukurikije imikorere itandukanye ikenewe, gusa ibintu bimwe na bimwe bya plastiki birashobora gutunganywa kandi ibicuruzwa bishobora gukorwa.

Iyo umubare wizunguruko utari mwinshi, plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa irashobora kugumana ibintu bisa na plastiki gakondo, cyangwa birashobora gukomeza ibintu bihamye bivanga ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa hamwe nibikoresho bishya. Ariko, nyuma yinzinguzingo nyinshi, imikorere ya plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa iragabanuka cyane cyangwa iba idakoreshwa.
Byongeye kandi, biragoye ko plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa kugirango ibungabunge imikorere myiza yisuku mugihe ubukungu bwifashe neza. Kubwibyo, plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa irakwiriye ahantu usanga inzinguzingo ari nto kandi ibisabwa kugirango imikorere yisuku itari myinshi.

0 1

Gutunganya umusaruro wa plastike

0 2 Guhindura imikorere ya plastiki isanzwe nyuma yo kuyitunganya
Ijambo: Gushonga indangagaciro, amazi yibikoresho bya plastike mugihe cyo gutunganya; ubwiza bwihariye, static viscosity ya fluid kumubare wubunini

Ugereranije
Ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika
VS yongeye gukoreshwa

1 Mugereranije, plastiki yangirika, kubera imikorere yabo ihamye hamwe nigiciro gito cyo gutunganya ibicuruzwa, bifite inyungu zindi mubisabwa nko gupakira hamwe na firime yubuhinzi igihe gito kandi bigoye kuyitunganya no gutandukana; mugihe plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa ifite igiciro gito cyo gutunganya. Igiciro nigiciro cyumusaruro nibyiza cyane muburyo bwo gusaba nkibikoresho bya buri munsi, ibikoresho byubwubatsi, nibikoresho byamashanyarazi bifite igihe kinini cyo gukoresha kandi byoroshye gutondeka no gutunganya. Byombi byuzuzanya.

2

Umwanda wera uturuka cyane cyane mubipfunyika, kandi plastiki yangirika ifite icyumba kinini cyo gukiniramo. Hamwe no guteza imbere politiki no kugabanya ibiciro, isoko rya plastiki rishobora kwangirika rifite amahirwe menshi.

Mu rwego rwo gupakira, gusimbuza plastiki yangirika biragerwaho. Porogaramu imirima ya plastike ni nini cyane, kandi imirima itandukanye ifite ibisabwa bitandukanye kuri plastiki.
Ibisabwa kuri plastiki mu binyabiziga, ibikoresho byo mu rugo n’indi mirima ni uko biramba kandi byoroshye gutandukana, kandi ingano ya plastike imwe nini, bityo imiterere ya plastiki gakondo irahagaze neza. Mu bipfunyika nk'imifuka ya pulasitike, agasanduku ka sasita, firime ya mulch, hamwe no gutanga Express, kubera gukoresha make monomers ya plastike, usanga bakunda kwanduzwa kandi bigoye gutandukana neza. Ibi bituma plastiki yangirika ishobora guhinduka umusimbura wa plastiki gakondo murimurima. Ibi kandi bigenzurwa n’imiterere y’ibisabwa ku isi hose kuri plastiki zangirika mu mwaka wa 2019.Ibisabwa bya plastiki byangirika byibanda cyane cyane mu bipfunyika, hamwe no gupakira byoroshye hamwe n’ibipfunyika bikabije bingana na 53% muri rusange.

Ibinyabuzima byangiza ibinyabuzima mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba no muri Amerika ya Ruguru byateye imbere mbere bitangira gushingwa. Ahantu basaba hashyizwe mubikorwa byo gupakira. Muri 2017, imifuka yo guhaha hamwe n’imifuka y’ibicuruzwa byagize uruhare runini (29%) by’ibicuruzwa byose bya plastiki byangirika mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba; muri 2017, gupakira ibiryo, agasanduku ka sasita hamwe nibikoresho byo kumeza byagize uruhare runini (53%) byokoreshwa muri plastiki yangirika muri Amerika ya ruguru. )

Incamake: Amashanyarazi ya biodegradable ni igisubizo cyiza cyumwanda wera kuruta gutunganya plastike.

59% byanduye ryera biva mubipfunyika nibicuruzwa bya firime yubuhinzi. Nyamara, plastike kuri ubu bwoko bwimikoreshereze irashobora gutabwa kandi bigoye kuyitunganya, bigatuma idakoreshwa muburyo bwo gutunganya plastike. Gusa plastiki yangirika irashobora gukemura byimazeyo ikibazo cyumwanda wera.

Ku mirima ikoreshwa ya plastiki yangirika, imikorere ntabwo ari icyuho, kandi ikiguzi nicyo kintu nyamukuru kibuza isoko gusimbuza plastiki gakondo na plastiki yangiritse.