Imibare yatanzwe n’ishami rishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije muri guverinoma ya Hong Kong SAR mu 2022, muri Hong Kong buri munsi toni 227 z’ibikoresho bya pulasitiki na styrofoam zijugunywa muri Hong Kong, bikaba bingana na toni zirenga 82.000 buri mwaka. Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ibidukikije cyatewe n’ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa, guverinoma ya SAR yatangaje ko amategeko ajyanye no kugenzura ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa pulasitike bikoreshwa hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho bya pulasitike bizashyirwa mu bikorwa guhera ku ya 22 Mata 2024, bikaba bitangiye igice gishya muri Hong Ibikorwa byo kurengera ibidukikije bya Kong. Nyamara, umuhanda ujya mubindi bisubizo birambye ntabwo byoroshye, kandi ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika, nubwo bitanga icyizere, bihura nibibazo bitoroshye. Ni muri urwo rwego, dukwiye gusuzuma mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro ubundi buryo bwose, tukirinda “umutego w'icyatsi”, kandi tugateza imbere ibisubizo byangiza ibidukikije.
Ku ya 22 Mata 2024, Hong Kong yatangije icyiciro cya mbere cyo gushyira mu bikorwa amategeko ajyanye no kugenzura ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa pulasitiki bikoreshwa hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho bya pulasitiki. Ibi bivuze ko bibujijwe kugurisha no gutanga ubwoko 9 bwibikoresho byo kumeza bya pulasitike bikoreshwa bito kandi binini kandi bigoye kubisubiramo (gutwikira ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa polystirene byagutse, ibyatsi, stirrers, ibikombe bya pulasitike hamwe n’ibikoresho by’ibiribwa, nibindi), hamwe n’ipamba. , umutaka utwikiriye, amahoteri, nibindi bicuruzwa bisanzwe nkubwiherero bukoreshwa. Intego yiyi ntambwe nziza ni ugukemura ibibazo byangiza ibidukikije biterwa n’ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike bikoreshwa rimwe, mu gihe dushishikariza abantu ku giti cyabo n’abashoramari guhindukirira ubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije kandi burambye.
Amashusho yo ku nkombe za Hong Kong yumvikanisha impungenge zo kurengera ibidukikije. Turashaka rwose kuba ahantu nkaho? Kuki isi iri hano? Ariko, igiteye impungenge kurushaho ni uko Hong Kong ya plastike yo gutunganya ibicuruzwa biri hasi cyane! Dukurikije imibare 2021, 5.7% gusa bya plastiki zongeye gukoreshwa muri Hong Kong ni byo byakoreshejwe neza. Iyi mibare itangaje iradusaba byihutirwa gufata ingamba zihuse kugirango duhangane n’ikibazo cy’imyanda ya pulasitike kandi duteze imbere cyane impinduka z’umuryango mu gukoresha ubundi buryo bwangiza ibidukikije kandi burambye.
None ubundi buryo burambye ni ubuhe?
Nubwo inganda zitandukanye zirimo gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kubinyabuzima nka acide polylactique (PLA) cyangwa bagasse (fibrous material yakuwe mumasaka y'ibisheke) nk'urumuri rw'icyizere cyo gukemura ikibazo cyumwanda wa plastike, ikibazo nikibanze nukugenzura niba ubundi buryo mubyukuri byangiza ibidukikije. Nibyo koko ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika bizasenyuka kandi byangirike vuba, bityo bigabanye ingaruka ziterwa n’umwanda uhoraho w’ibidukikije bituruka ku myanda ya plastiki. Icyakora, icyo tutagomba kwirengagiza ni uko ingano ya gaze ya parike irekurwa mugihe cyo kwangirika kwibi bikoresho (nka aside polylactique cyangwa impapuro) mu myanda ya Hong Kong iri hejuru cyane ugereranije na plastiki gakondo.
Muri 2020, Ubuzima Cycle Initiative bwarangije meta-gusesengura. Isesengura ritanga incamake yuzuye ya raporo yisuzuma ryubuzima ku bikoresho bitandukanye bipfunyika, kandi umwanzuro uratengushye: plastiki ishingiye kuri bio (plastiki ya biodegradable plastique) ikozwe mu bikoresho bisanzwe nk'imyumbati n'ibigori bigira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije Imikorere mu ngaruka ibipimo ntabwo aruta plastiki ishingiye kuri fosile nkuko twabitekerezaga
Agasanduku ka sasita gakozwe muri polystirene, aside polylactique (ibigori), aside polylactique (tapioca krah)
Ibinyabuzima bishingiye kuri bio ntabwo byanze bikunze biruta plastiki zishingiye ku myanda. Kuki ibi?
Impamvu imwe y'ingenzi ni uko icyiciro cy'umusaruro w'ubuhinzi gihenze: gukora plastiki zishingiye kuri bio (plastiki ya biodegradable plastique) bisaba ahantu hanini h'ubutaka, amazi menshi, hamwe n’ibikoresho by’imiti nka pesticide n’ifumbire, byanze bikunze byangiza imyuka y’ubutaka, amazi n’ikirere .
Icyiciro cyo gukora nuburemere bwibicuruzwa ubwabyo nabyo ni ibintu bidashobora kwirengagizwa. Fata agasanduku ka sasita gakozwe muri bagasse nkurugero. Kubera ko bagasse ubwayo ari ibicuruzwa bidafite akamaro, ingaruka zabyo kubidukikije mugihe cy'umusaruro w'ubuhinzi ni muto. Nyamara, uburyo bwakurikiyeho bwo guhumeka kwa bagasse no gusohora amazi mabi nyuma yo koza ifu byagize ingaruka mbi mubice byinshi nkikirere, ubuzima bwabantu nuburozi bwibidukikije. Ku rundi ruhande, nubwo gukuramo ibikoresho fatizo no kubyaza umusaruro udusanduku twa polystirene (agasanduku ka PS ifuro) nabyo bikubiyemo umubare munini wibikorwa bya chimique na physique, kubera ko bagasse ifite uburemere bwinshi, mubisanzwe bisaba ibikoresho byinshi, biragoye cyane. Ibi birashobora gutuma imyuka ihumanya ikirere hejuru yubuzima bwose. Kubwibyo, dukwiye kumenya ko nubwo uburyo bwo gukora no gusuzuma ibicuruzwa bitandukanye butandukanye cyane, biragoye guhitamo byoroshye guhitamo aribwo buryo bwiza "guhitamo neza" kubukoresha bumwe.
None se ibi bivuze ko tugomba gusubira muri plastiki?
Igisubizo ni oya. Ukurikije ibyavuye muri iki gihe, bigomba kandi kumvikana ko ubundi buryo bwa plastike bushobora no kwangiza ibidukikije. Niba ubu buryo bumwe bwo gukoresha ubundi buryo budatanga ibisubizo birambye twizeye, noneho tugomba kongera gusuzuma ibikenewe byibicuruzwa bikoreshwa rimwe hanyuma tugashakisha uburyo bushoboka bwo kugabanya cyangwa kwirinda kubikoresha. Ingamba nyinshi za guverinoma ya SAR zishyirwa mu bikorwa, nko gushyiraho igihe cyo kwitegura, guteza imbere uburezi rusange no kumenyekanisha rubanda, no gushyiraho urubuga rw’amakuru kugira ngo rusangire ubundi buryo bw’ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike bikoreshwa rimwe, byose bigaragaza ikintu cy’ingenzi kidashobora kwirengagizwa kigira ingaruka kuri “plastiki” ya Hong Kong -ubuntu "inzira, ni ukumenya niba abenegihugu ba Hong Kong bafite ubushake Emera ubundi buryo, nko gutanga kuzana icupa ryamazi yawe nibikoresho byawe. Ihinduka nkiryo ningirakamaro mugutezimbere ubuzima bwangiza ibidukikije.
Kuri abo baturage bibagirwa (cyangwa badashaka) kuzana kontineri zabo, gushakisha uburyo bwo kuguza no gusubiza ibintu byongeye gukoreshwa byabaye igisubizo kandi gishoboka. Binyuze muri iyi sisitemu, abakiriya barashobora kuguza byoroshye ibikoresho bikoreshwa hanyuma bakabisubiza ahabigenewe nyuma yo kubikoresha. Ugereranije nibintu bikoreshwa, kongera igipimo cyo kongera gukoresha ibyo bikoresho, gukoresha uburyo bwiza bwo gukora isuku, no gukomeza kunoza igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo kuguriza no kugaruka birashobora kuba ingirakamaro ku kigero cyo hagati (80%, ~ 5 cycle) Kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ( 12-22%), gukoresha ibikoresho (34-48%), no kuzigama byimazeyo gukoresha amazi 16% kugeza 40%. Muri ubu buryo, BYO igikombe hamwe ninguzanyo zishobora gukoreshwa hamwe na sisitemu yo kugaruka birashobora guhinduka uburyo burambye mugihe cyo gufata no gutanga.
Nta gushidikanya ko Hong Kong yabujije ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike imwe gusa, nta gushidikanya ko ari intambwe y'ingenzi mu guhangana n'ikibazo cyo guhumanya ibidukikije no kwangiza ibidukikije. Nubwo bidashoboka gukuraho burundu ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike mu mibereho yacu, dukwiye kumenya ko guteza imbere ubundi buryo bwakoreshwa atari igisubizo cyibanze kandi bishobora no guteza ibibazo bishya by’ibidukikije; muburyo bunyuranye, dukwiye gufasha isi kwikuramo uburetwa bwa "plastike" Icyangombwa nukuzamura imyumvire yabaturage: reka buriwese yumve aho yirinda burundu ikoreshwa rya plastike nugupakira, nigihe cyo guhitamo ibicuruzwa byakoreshwa, mugihe duharanira gabanya ikoreshwa ryibicuruzwa bimwe bikoreshwa kugirango uteze imbere ubuzima bwiza, burambye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-14-2024