Guteza imbere iterambere ryubukungu bwizengurutsa no guteza imbere agaciro gakomeye ka plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa

Kuvugurura "icyatsi" kiva mumacupa ya plastike

PET (PolyEthylene Terephthalate) ni imwe muri plastiki zikoreshwa cyane. Ifite ihindagurika ryiza, gukorera mu mucyo, n'umutekano mwiza. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugukora amacupa y'ibinyobwa cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byo gupakira ibiryo. . Mu gihugu cyanjye, rPET (PET ikoreshwa neza, PET yongeye gukoreshwa) ikozwe mu macupa y’ibinyobwa yongeye gukoreshwa irashobora gukoreshwa mu modoka, imiti ya buri munsi n’indi mirima, ariko kuri ubu ntabwo yemerewe gukoreshwa mu gupakira ibiryo. Muri 2019, uburemere bwibinyobwa PET ikoreshwa mu gihugu cyanjye yageze kuri toni miliyoni 4.42. Nyamara, PET ifata byibuze imyaka amagana kugirango ibore burundu mubihe bisanzwe, bizana umutwaro ukomeye kubidukikije nubukungu.

Urebye mubukungu, guta ibipfunyika bya pulasitike nyuma yo gukoreshwa rimwe bizatakaza 95% byagaciro kayo; duhereye ku bidukikije, bizanaganisha ku kugabanya umusaruro w’ibihingwa, kwanduza inyanja n’ibindi bibazo byinshi. Niba hakoreshejwe amacupa ya pulasitike ya PET, cyane cyane amacupa y’ibinyobwa, yongeye gukoreshwa mu gutunganya ibicuruzwa, bizagira akamaro kanini mu kurengera ibidukikije, ubukungu, sosiyete n’ibindi.

Amakuru yerekana ko igipimo cyo gutunganya amacupa y’ibinyobwa bya PET mu gihugu cyanjye kigera kuri 94%, muri byo hejuru ya 80% ya rPET yinjira mu nganda zikoreshwa mu nganda kandi ikoreshwa mu gukora ibikenerwa buri munsi nk’imifuka, imyenda, na parasole. Mubyukuri, guhindura amacupa y'ibinyobwa bya PET mubiribwa byo mu rwego rwa rPET ntibishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa rya PET yisugi gusa no kugabanya ikoreshwa ryumutungo udasubirwaho nka peteroli, ariko kandi byongera umubare wizunguruka ya rPET binyuze mubuhanga bwa siyansi kandi bukomeye, gukora umutekano wacyo Bimaze kugaragara mubindi bihugu.
Usibye kwinjira muri sisitemu yo gutunganya ibicuruzwa, imyanda y’igihugu cyanjye amacupa y’ibinyobwa ya PET ahanini atembera mu nganda zitunganya imyanda, imyanda, inganda zitwika imyanda, inkombe n’ahandi. Ariko, imyanda hamwe no gutwika bishobora gutera umwuka, ubutaka n’amazi yo mu butaka. Niba imyanda igabanutse cyangwa imyanda myinshi yongeye gukoreshwa, imitwaro y’ibidukikije hamwe n’ibiciro birashobora kugabanuka.

PET ivuguruye irashobora kugabanya imyuka ya gaze karuboni 59% naho gukoresha ingufu 76% ugereranije na PET ikozwe muri peteroli.

Muri 2020, igihugu cyanjye cyiyemeje kurushaho kurengera ibidukikije no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere: kugera ku ntego yo kugera kuri karuboni mbere ya 2030 no kutagira aho ibogamiye mbere ya 2060. Kugeza ubu, igihugu cyacu cyashyizeho politiki n’ingamba nyinshi zijyanye no guteza imbere icyatsi kibisi guhindura iterambere ry'ubukungu n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage. Nka imwe mu nzira nziza yo gutunganya imyanda ya plastiki, rPET irashobora kugira uruhare mugutezimbere ubushakashatsi no kunoza gahunda yo gucunga imyanda, kandi ifite akamaro gakomeye mugutezimbere kugera kuntego ya "karuboni ebyiri".
Umutekano wa rPET yo gupakira ibiryo ni urufunguzo

Kugeza ubu, kubera ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bya rPET, ibihugu byinshi n’uturere twinshi ku isi byemereye gukoreshwa mu gupakira ibiryo, kandi Afurika nayo yihutisha kwagura umusaruro. Ariko, mugihugu cyanjye, plastike ya rPET ntishobora gukoreshwa mubipfunyika ibiryo.

Ntihabuze inganda zo mu rwego rwa rPET zo mu gihugu cyacu. Mubyukuri, igihugu cyacu nicyo kibanza kinini cyo gutunganya plastiki no gutunganya. Muri 2021, igihugu cyanjye PET icupa ryibinyobwa bisubirwamo bizaba hafi toni miliyoni 4. plastike ya rPET ikoreshwa cyane mumavuta yo kwisiga yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, gupakira ibicuruzwa byumuntu ku giti cye, imodoka nizindi nzego, kandi rPET yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yoherezwa hanze.

“Raporo” yerekana ko 73.39% by'abaguzi bafata iya mbere mu gutunganya cyangwa gukoresha amacupa y'ibinyobwa yajugunywe mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi, naho 62.84% by'abaguzi bagaragaza ko bifuza ko PET ikoreshwa mu biribwa. Abaguzi barenga 90% bagaragaje impungenge zumutekano wa rPET ikoreshwa mubikoresho byo gupakira ibiryo. Birashobora kugaragara ko abakoresha Ubushinwa muri rusange bafite imyumvire myiza yo gukoresha rPET mubipfunyika ibiryo, kandi kubungabunga umutekano nikintu cya ngombwa.
Ikoreshwa ryukuri rya rPET murwego rwibiribwa rigomba gushingira ku gusuzuma umutekano no kugenzura mbere na nyuma yibikorwa kuruhande rumwe. Ku rundi ruhande, biteganijwe ko umuryango wose uzafatanya mu guteza imbere gushyira mu bikorwa agaciro gakomeye ka rPET no kurushaho guteza imbere ubukungu bw’umuzingi.