Ni izihe ngaruka zo gukoresha amacupa ya plastike?

Amazi yo mu icupa ryibinyobwa afite umutekano?
Gufungura icupa ryamazi yubunyobwa cyangwa ibinyobwa nigikorwa gisanzwe, ariko kongeramo icupa rya plastiki ryatawe mubidukikije.
Ikintu cyingenzi mubipfunyika bya plastiki kubinyobwa bya karubone, amazi yubutare, amavuta aribwa nibindi biribwa ni polyethylene terephthalate (PET).Kugeza ubu, imikoreshereze y’amacupa ya PET iri ku mwanya wa mbere mu bijyanye no gupakira ibiryo bya plastiki.
Nkugupakira ibiryo, niba PET ubwayo aribicuruzwa byujuje ibyangombwa, bigomba kuba byiza cyane kubakoresha kubikoresha mubihe bisanzwe kandi ntibizatera ingaruka kubuzima.
Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwerekanye ko niba amacupa ya pulasitike akoreshwa kenshi mu kunywa amazi ashyushye (arenga dogere selisiyusi 70) igihe kirekire, cyangwa ashyutswe na microwave, imiyoboro y’imiti iri mu macupa ya pulasitike n’ibindi bya plastiki izasenywa, hamwe na plasitike na antioxydants irashobora kwimurwa mubinyobwa.Ibintu nka okiside na oligomers.Iyo ibyo bintu bimaze kwimurwa ku bwinshi, bizagira ingaruka ku buzima bwabanywa.Kubwibyo, abaguzi bagomba kumenya ko mugihe bakoresha amacupa ya PET, bagomba kugerageza kutuzuza amazi ashyushye kandi bakagerageza kutayashyira mikoro.

Haba hari akaga kihishe mu kujugunya nyuma yo kuyinywa?
Amacupa ya plastiki ajugunywa kandi akwirakwizwa mumihanda yo mumujyi, ahantu nyaburanga, imigezi n'ibiyaga, no kumpande zombi z'umuhanda na gari ya moshi.Ntibitera umwanda gusa, ahubwo binatera ingaruka mbi.
PET ni chimique inert cyane kandi nibikoresho bidashobora kwangirika bishobora kubaho mubidukikije igihe kirekire.Ibi bivuze ko niba amacupa ya pulasitike yajugunywe adasubiwemo, azakomeza kwiyegeranya mu bidukikije, kumeneka no kubora mu bidukikije, bigatuma umwanda ukabije w’amazi yo hejuru, ubutaka n’inyanja.Imyanda myinshi ya plastike yinjira mu butaka irashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku musaruro wubutaka.
Ibice bya plastiki biribwa ku bw'impanuka n’inyamaswa zo mu gasozi cyangwa inyamaswa zo mu nyanja birashobora gukomeretsa inyamaswa kandi bikabangamira umutekano w’ibinyabuzima.Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku bidukikije (UNEP), biteganijwe ko mu mwaka wa 2050 inyoni 99% zizarya plastike.

Byongeye kandi, plastiki irashobora kubora mo microplastique, ishobora kwinjizwa n’ibinyabuzima kandi amaherezo ikagira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu binyuze mu ruhererekane rw’ibiribwa.Gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ibidukikije yerekanye ko imyanda myinshi ya pulasitike mu nyanja ihungabanya umutekano w’ubuzima bwo mu nyanja, kandi ibigereranyo by’aba conservateurs bitera igihombo cy’ubukungu kigera kuri miliyari 13 z'amadolari ya Amerika buri mwaka.Umwanda w’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja washyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibibazo icumi byihutirwa by’ibidukikije bikwiye kwitabwaho mu myaka 10 ishize.

Microplastique yaba yarinjiye mubuzima bwacu?
Microplastique, yerekeza cyane mubice byose bya plastike, fibre, ibice, nibindi mubidukikije bitarenze mm 5 z'ubunini, kuri ubu nibyo byibandwaho mu gukumira no kurwanya umwanda wa plastike ku isi.“Gahunda y'ibikorwa byo kurwanya umwanda wa plastike muri gahunda y’imyaka 14 y’imyaka itanu” yatanzwe n’igihugu cyanjye irerekana kandi mikorobe nk’isoko rishya ry’umwanda uhangayikishije.
Inkomoko ya microplastique irashobora kuba ibice bya plastiki kavukire, cyangwa irashobora kurekurwa nibicuruzwa bya pulasitike kubera urumuri, ikirere, ubushyuhe bwinshi, umuvuduko wimashini, nibindi.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abantu nibamara kurya garama 5 za microplastique buri cyumweru, zimwe muri microplastique ntizisohoka mu ntebe, ahubwo izegeranya ingingo z'umubiri cyangwa amaraso.Byongeye kandi, microplastique irashobora kwinjira muri selile hanyuma ikinjira mumikorere yumubiri wumuntu, ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kumikorere ya selile.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko microplastique mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku nyamaswa yerekanye ibibazo nko gutwika, selile zifunga na metabolism.

Ubuvanganzo bwinshi bwo mu gihugu no mu mahanga buvuga ko ibikoresho byo guhuza ibiryo, nk'imifuka y'icyayi, amacupa y'abana, ibikombe by'impapuro, agasanduku ka sasita, n'ibindi, bishobora kurekura ibihumbi kugeza kuri miliyoni amagana ya microplastique y'ubunini butandukanye mu biryo mugihe cyo kuyikoresha.Byongeye kandi, kariya gace ni ahantu hatabona kandi hagomba kwitabwaho byumwihariko.
Amacupa ya plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa arashobora kongera gukoreshwa?
Amacupa ya plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa arashobora kongera gukoreshwa?
Mubyigisho, usibye amacupa ya plastiki yanduye cyane, mubyukuri amacupa y'ibinyobwa yose arashobora gukoreshwa.Nyamara, mugihe cyo gukoresha no gutunganya imashini icupa ryibinyobwa bya PET, hashobora gutangizwa ibintu bimwe na bimwe byanduye, nk'amavuta y'ibiribwa, ibisigazwa by'ibinyobwa, isuku yo mu rugo, hamwe nudukoko twangiza udukoko.Ibi bintu birashobora kuguma muri PET yongeye gukoreshwa.

Iyo PET yongeye gukoreshwa irimo ibintu byavuzwe haruguru ikoreshwa mubikoresho byo guhuza ibiryo, ibyo bintu bishobora kwimukira mu biryo, bityo bikangiza ubuzima bwabaguzi.Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika biravuga ko PET itunganyirizwa mu mahanga igomba kuba yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa by’umutekano bituruka ku isoko mbere yuko ikoreshwa mu gupakira ibiryo.
Hamwe no kurushaho kunoza imyumvire y’abaguzi ku bijyanye no gutunganya amacupa y’ibinyobwa, gushyiraho uburyo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa bisukuye, no gukomeza kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwa pulasitiki byo mu rwego rwo hejuru no gutunganya isuku, ibigo byinshi kandi byinshi ubu birashobora kugera ku gutunganya ibicuruzwa bisanzwe no kuvugurura neza. amacupa y'ibinyobwa.Amacupa y'ibinyobwa yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango abone umutekano arakorwa kandi akoreshwa mu gupakira ibinyobwa.